RUBELLA VIRUS IGM CAPTURE ELISA

This Rubella Virus IgM capture ELISA is for the qualitative determination of IgM-class antibodies against Rubella Virus in human serum or plasma.

The qualitative immunoenzymatic determination of specific IgM-class antibodies is based on the ELISA (Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay) μ-capture technique. Microplates are coated with anti-human IgM antibodies to bind IgM antibodies within the sample. After washing the wells to remove all unbound sample material, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) labelled antigen is added. This antigen-conjugate binds to the captured specific IgM antibodies. In a second washing step unbound conjugate is removed. The immune complexes are visualized by adding Tetramethylbenzidine (TMB) substrate which gives a blue reaction product. The intensity of this product is proportional to the amount of specific IgM antibodies in the sample. Sulphuric acid is added to stop the reaction. This produces a yellow endpoint colour. Absorbance at 450/620 nm is read using an ELISA microwell plate reader.

PRODUCT DETAILS – RUBELLA VIRUS IGM CAPTURE ELISA

• High sensitivity – 100%.
• High specificity – 99.4%.
• Short assay time – <3 hours.
• 1 x 96 tests.

BACKGROUND

Rubella is an enveloped RNA virus belonging to the toga viruses. It has a spherical shape measuring about 50-70 nm in diameter. There appears to be only one antigenic type, and no cross-reactivity with alpha viruses or other members of the toga virus group has been found. Rubella viruses are pathogens of the respiratory tract and transmitted mainly by droplet infection. Rubella is a worldwide common contagious disease with mild constitutional symptoms and a generalized rash. In childhood, it is an inconsequential illness, but when it occurs during pregnancy, there is a significant risk of severe damage to the foetus.

The risk of congenital rubella depends primarily on the month of pregnancy in which infection is acquired: overall, app. 16% of infants have major defects at birth following maternal rubella in the first 3 months of pregnancy. Congenital rubella infection may lead to a syndrome with single or multiple organ involvements, known as embryopathia rubeolosa. In some cases, infection is inapparent but results in consequential damages as eye defects, deafness, growth retardation, and others. Naturally acquired immunity usually is long-lasting, but reinfection is possible due to decreasing levels of circulating antibodies. For immunization a vaccine containing live virus is used.

REFERENCES

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• Cooper, Louis Z. (2001): Current Lessons from 20th Century Serosurveillance Data on Rubella. In Clinical Infectious Diseases 33, p. 1287.
• Mezzasoma, Letizia; Bacarese-Hamilton, Tito; Di Cristina, Manlio; Rossi, Ruggero; Bistoni, Francesco; Crisanti, Andrea (2002): Antigen microarrays for serodiagnosis of infectious diseases. In Clinical Chemistry 48 (1), pp. 121–130.
• Pinsky, Norman A.; Huddleston, Jeanne M.; Jacobson, Robert M.; Wollan, Peter C.; Poland, Gregory A. (2003): Effect of multiple freeze-thaw cycles on detection of measles, mumps, and rubella virus antibodies. In Clinical and diagnostic laboratory immunology 10 (1), pp. 19–21. DOI: 10.1128/CDLI.10.1.19-21.2003.
• Reef, Susan E.; Frey, Teryl K.; Theall, Katherine; Abernathy, Emily; Burnett, Cindy L.; Icenogle, Joseph et al. (2002): The changing epidemiology of rubella in the 1990s: on the verge of elimination and new challenges for control and prevention. In JAMA 287 (4), pp. 464–472.
• Signore, Caroline (2001): Rubella. In Primary care update for Ob/Gyns 8 (4), pp. 133–137.
• Thomas, H. I. Janet; Barrett, Emma; Hesketh, Louise M.; Wynne, Angela; Morgan-Capner, Peter (1999): Simultaneous IgM reactivity by EIA against more than one virus in measles, parvovirus B19 and rubella infection. In Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 14 (2), pp. 107–118.
• Tipples, Graham A.; Hamkar, Rasool; Mohktari-Azad, Talat; Gray, Michael; Ball, Jennifer; Head, Carol; Ratnam, Samuel (2004): Evaluation of rubella IgM enzyme immunoassays. In Journal of clinical virology : the official publication of the Pan American Society for Clinical Virology 30 (3), pp. 233–238. DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2003.11.006.
• Weber, B. (1997): Aktuelle Entwicklungen in der Labordiagnose der Roteln. In Bulletin de la Societe des sciences medicales du Grand-Duche de Luxembourg 134 (2), pp. 31–41.

THIS ELISA ASSAY IS FOR RESEARCH USE ONLY. IT IS NOT FOR USE IN DIAGNOSTIC PROCEDURES.